A fact check is a detailed verification of content that has been published, usually by identifying and extracting information from sources. This is done with the aim of slowing down the flow of misinformation and restoring truth to a story.
The fact-checking process can take a variety of forms, from a simple list to a more comprehensive article or explainer video. It can be conducted either by the news organization that originally published the content or by a third-party fact-checking organization. There may be a lot of back-and-forth between the editor and fact-checker to agree on precise wording and assess different sources. There is often a discussion about how to balance the needs of accuracy with the desire for a clear, reader-friendly presentation.
Ultimately, it is important that fact-checkers are transparent about their processes. This can help to build trust with readers. For example, a reader can look for hedging language (such as “one of the largest,” or “approximately”) in a fact-check to indicate that the journalist is being careful and not making a claim they cannot substantiate. Readers can also learn to identify the difference between fact and opinion by checking multiple sources.
While some of the most famous fact-checking stories have received criticism, the public remains generally supportive of the work. In a recent survey, Americans overwhelmingly say they are confident that fact-checking helps them distinguish between facts and opinions in news stories. The same survey found that younger adults are better than their elders at distinguishing between facts and opinions on a wide range of topics.
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